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A NEW CONVENIENT SYNTHESIS OF PHOSPHORANYLIDENEAMINOQUINONES FROM ISOXRAZOLEQUINONES

The reaction of [2,1]benzisoxazole-4,7-quinones 1 and naphth[2,3-c]isoxazole-4,9-quinone 4 with phosphines leads to phosphoranylideneaminoquinones 2 and 5, respectively, in good to excellent yields.

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Reference:
Benzisoxazole – Wikipedia,
,Benzisoxazole – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

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Benzofuran-, benzothiophene-, indazole- and benzisoxazole-quinones: Excellent substrates for NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1

A series of heterocyclic quinones based on benzofuran, benzothiophene, indazole and benzisoxazole has been synthesized, and evaluated for their ability to function as substrates for recombinant human NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1), a two-electron reductase upregulated in tumor cells. Overall, the quinones are excellent substrates for NQO1, approaching the reduction rates observed for menadione. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Reference:
Benzisoxazole – Wikipedia,
,Benzisoxazole – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

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75-98-9, Name is Pivalic acid, molecular formula is C5H10O2, belongs to Benzisoxazole compound, is a common compound. In a patnet, author is Kociolek, Martin, once mentioned the new application about 75-98-9, Computed Properties of C5H10O2.

Electrochemical reduction of 3-phenyl-1, 2-benzisoxazole 2-oxide on boron-doped diamond

The bioreduction of N-oxide compounds is the basis for the mode of action of a number of biologically active molecules. These compounds are thought to act by forming a reactive oxygen species through an intracellular reduction and subsequent redox cycling process within the organism. With these results in mind, the preliminary investigation into the electrochemical reduction of the benzisoxazole 2-oxide ring system was undertaken, with the thought that this class of compounds would reduce in a similar fashion to other N-oxide heterocycles. The electrochemical reduction of 3-phenyl-1,2-benzisoxazole 2-oxide on boron-doped diamond was studied using cyclic and square wave voltammetry as well as controlled potential electrolysis and HPLC for qualitative identification of the reaction products. It was found that the reduction proceeded with an initial quasi-reversible one-electron reduction followed by the very fast cleavage of either the endocyclic or exocyclic N-O bond. Subsequent electron transfer and protonation resulted in an overall two-electron reduction and formation of the 2-hydroxyaryl oxime and benzisoxazole. These results are analogous to those observed in the electrochemical reduction of other heterocyclic N-oxides albeit the reduction of the benzisoxazole N-oxides takes place at a more negative potential. However, these encouraging results warrant further investigation into the reduction potential of substituted benzisoxazole N-oxides as well as to elucidate and characterize the nature of the intermediate species involved. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Reference:
Benzisoxazole – Wikipedia,
,Benzisoxazole – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

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Reference of 75-98-9, Catalysts allow a reaction to proceed via a pathway that has a lower activation energy than the uncatalyzed reaction. 75-98-9, Name is Pivalic acid, SMILES is CC(C)(C)C(O)=O, belongs to Benzisoxazole compound. In a article, author is Marti, Sergio, introduce new discover of the category.

Are Heme-Dependent Enzymes Always Using a Redox Mechanism? A Theoretical Study of the Kemp Elimination Catalyzed by a Promiscuous Aldoxime Dehydratase

The design of biocatalysts is a goal to improve the rate, selectivity, and environmental friendliness of chemical processes in biotechnology. In this regard, the use of computational techniques has provided valuable assistance in the design of enzymes with remarkable catalytic activity. In this paper, hybrid QM/MM simulations have allowed getting an insight into the mechanism of a promiscuous aldoxime dehydratase (OxdA) for Kemp elimination. We first demonstrate that, based on the use of linear response approximation (LRA) methods, the lowest energy electronic state of the benzisoxazole placed in the active site of OxdA corresponds to a singlet state, the triplet and the quintet states being higher in energy. The presence of a heme group at the active site of the OxdA promiscuous enzyme opens the possibility of exploring a redox mechanism, similar to the one proposed in other reactions catalyzed by heme-dependent enzymes. In addition, according to the geometrical analysis of the active site of this aldoxime dehydratase, the presence of a good base in the active site, His320, the proper pose of the substrate assisted by the porphyrin, and an adequate electrostatic environment to stabilize the negative charge developed in the oxygen-leaving group makes available an acid/base mechanism. Comparison of the results derived from the exploration of both acid/base and redox mechanisms at the B3LYP(Def2-TZVP)/MM level shows how the latter renders the most favorable reaction path within the quintet state. The obtained activation free energy is in good agreement with the activation energy that can be deduced from the experimentally measured rate constant.

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Reference:
Benzisoxazole – Wikipedia,
,Benzisoxazole – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

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Review of zonisamide development in Japan

Zonisamide is a benzisoxazole-based compound first synthesized in the early 1970s by the research laboratories of Dainippon Pharmaceutical Company in Osaka, Japan. Identified as an anticonvulsant during exploratory research, zonisamide has since been characterized as having broad-spectrum antiepitepsy and neuroprotective effects. Early clinical studies in Japan demonstrated that zonisamide has a long elimination half-life and is well tolerated; Phase II and III clinical trials established the drug’s efficacy and safety for the treatment of partial and generalized seizures. In 1989, zonisamide was approved and marketed in Japan under the trade name of Excegran(R). Data from postmarketing surveillance studies and clinical observations over 10 years of use have continued to support zonisamide’s efficacy and safety, identified its usefulness as monotherapy, and characterized its effectiveness for various seizure types and epilepsy syndromes. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of BEA Trading Ltd.

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Reference:
Benzisoxazole – Wikipedia,
,Benzisoxazole – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

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Chemistry can be defined as the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. You¡¯ll sometimes hear it called the central science because it is the connection between physics and all the other sciences, starting with biology. 75-98-9, Name is Pivalic acid, molecular formula is , belongs to Benzisoxazole compound. In a document, author is NUHRICH, A, Computed Properties of C5H10O2.

SYNTHESIS AND INHIBITORY EFFECTS ON PLATELET-AGGREGATION OF 3-(2-THIENYL)- AND 3-(1-IMIDAZOLYL)-1,2-BENZISOXAOLE DERIVATIVES

A series of 3-(2-thienyl)- and 3-(1-imidazolyl)-1,2-benzisoxazoles as well as some isomeric benzoxazoles were synthesized and tested in vitro for their inhibitory effect on arachidonic acid-induced human platelet aggregation. The most active compound (7-methoxy-3-(2-thienyl)-1,2-benzisoxazole 5c) was nearly 20-30-fold more potent than acetylsalicylic acid in inhibiting platelet aggregation. Structure-activity relationships within the series are briefly discussed.

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Reference:
Benzisoxazole – Wikipedia,
,Benzisoxazole – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

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ABSORPTION, METABOLISM, AND EXCRETION OF RISPERIDONE IN HUMANS

The absorption, metabolism, and excretion of the novel antipsychotic risperidone was studied in three healthy male subjects. One week after a single oral dose of 1 mg [C-14]risperidone, 70% of the administered radioactivity was recovered in the urine and 14% in the feces. Unchanged rispeddone was mainly excreted in the urine and accounted for 30, 11, and 4% of the administered dose in the poor, intermediate, and extensive metabolizer of debrisoquine, respectively. Alicyclic hydroxylation at the 9-position of the tetrahydro-4H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one moiety was the main metabolic pathway. The active metabolite 9-hydroxy-risperidone accounted for 8, 22, and 32% of the administered dose in the urine of the poor, intermediate, and extensive metabolizer, respectively. Oxidative N-dealkylation st the piperidine nitrogen, whether or not in combination with the 9-hydroxylation, accounted for 10-13% of the dose. In methanolic extracts of feces, risperidone, and benzisoxazole-opened risperidone and hydroxylated metabolites were detected. 9-Hydroxy-risperidone was by far the main plasma metabolite. The sum of risperidone and 9-hydroxy-risperidone accounted for the largest part of the plasma radioactivity in the three subjects. Although the debrisoquine-type genetic polymorphism plays a distinct role in the metabolism of risperidone, the pharmacokinetics of the active fraction (is. risperidone plus 9-hydroxy-risperidone) remained similar among the three subjects.

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Reference:
Benzisoxazole – Wikipedia,
,Benzisoxazole – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

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A catalyst don’t appear in the overall stoichiometry of the reaction it catalyzes, but it must appear in at least one of the elementary reactions in the mechanism for the catalyzed reaction. 75-98-9, Name is Pivalic acid, molecular formula is C5H10O2. In an article, author is Orlov, VY,once mentioned of 75-98-9, Recommanded Product: Pivalic acid.

Nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen in activated nitroarenes by phenylacetonitrile carbanion

General relations holding in nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen in para-substituted nitroarenes by phenylacetonitrile carbanion were analyzed in terms of the Klopman reactivity indices. Requirements to the substrate structure were determined, which restrict the scope of application of this method to synthesis of 2,1-benzisoxazole derivatives.

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Reference:
Benzisoxazole – Wikipedia,
,Benzisoxazole – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Discovery of Pivalic acid

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Safety and Efficacy of Zonisamide in Refractory Epilepsy Patients: Clinical Experience from a Tertiary Center

Objectives: Zonisamide (ZnS) is a new generation antiepileptic agent used in the treatment of epilepsy patients with partial and generalized seizures. In this study, we aim to investigate the safety and efficacy of ZnS in the treatment of patients with refractory epilepsy who were being followed. Methods: Forty-five refractory epilepsy patients who received ZnS treatment were included in this study. Patients who received ZnS treatment for less than six months were excluded. Age, sex, types of seizures, examination findings, magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography findings, concurrent use of non-ZnS antiepileptic drugs, decrease in the seizure frequency and side effects of the drug were recorded. Results: Thirty-nine patients, whose mean age was 34.3 +/- 9.3 years, were evaluated. Complex partial seizures (CPS) and generalized tonic-clonic seizure (GTCS) were observed in 74.4% of the patients, whereas 10.3% had GTCS alone, 7.7% had CPS alone, 5.2% had GTCS and myoclonia and 2.6% of them had absence and myoclonia. In the follow-up, treatment was observed to be discontinued in 19 of the 39 patients due to drug side effects, or where there was an increase, or no change, in seizure frequency. Twenty patients responded to treatment. Seizure frequency was decreased by 25% in one patient; 50% in five patients, and 75% in seven patients. Three patients were seizure-free. Although there was no change in seizure frequency, seizure duration was shortened in four patients. Treatment-responsive patients were using ZnS at doses that ranged from 100 to 400 mg/day for 7 to 80 months. Conclusion: ZnS is a safe, tolerable and effective option for the additional treatment of refractory epilepsy patients at our center.

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Reference:
Benzisoxazole – Wikipedia,
,Benzisoxazole – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

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Synthesis and Aminomethylation of 3-Substituted 6-Hydroxy-1,2-Benzisoxazoles

Oximes of 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenones, 1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-phenylethanones, and 1-(2,4-di-hydroxyphenyl)-2-phenoxyethanones were dehydrated with 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole, yielding 3-substi-tuted 6-hydroxy-1,2-benzisoxazoles, aminomethylation reactions of which were studied with various reagents.

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Reference:
Benzisoxazole – Wikipedia,
,Benzisoxazole – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics